{"id":348,"date":"2016-03-02T06:25:14","date_gmt":"2016-03-02T04:25:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wildlab.org\/?p=348"},"modified":"2021-06-22T07:52:33","modified_gmt":"2021-06-22T06:52:33","slug":"tutorial-how-to-increase-range-of-your-quadcopter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wildlab.org\/index.php\/2016\/03\/02\/tutorial-how-to-increase-range-of-your-quadcopter\/","title":{"rendered":"Tutorial: How to increase range of your toy-grade quadcopter and how to install buzzer."},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Tutorial<\/h2>\n<p><em>Here is short Tutorial with video materials about how to increase range of toy-grade quadcopter as is for example Bayangtoys X8. It is not limited to his particular quadcopter, but may be applied to any other quadcopter as well. Plus, there is way to install buzzer &#8211; which may serve mainly two purposes: LVC (Low Voltage Controll), which sounds alarm when battery on quadcopter is low, and second &#8211; maybe most important thing, buzzer helps you to find lost quadcopter.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.banggood.com\/Realacc-5_8G-5dBi-50W-Omnidirectional-Omni-FPV-Flat-Panel-Pagoda-Antenna-SMARP-SMA-p-1140659.html?p=EH10221611330201505Q&amp;custlinkid=178657\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img src=\"https:\/\/img.staticbg.com\/thumb\/gallery\/oaupload\/banggood\/images\/96\/93\/184a6269-89b0-41af-b53c-baeabe0a6081.jpg\" \/><\/a>I think this one is better than old &#8216;cloverleaf&#8217; antenna.<\/p>\n<h2>The case<\/h2>\n<p>Someone who followed this tutorial, and increased range of the drone:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-754 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/wildlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/putanja-1.jpg\" alt=\"putanja\" width=\"474\" height=\"586\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wildlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/putanja-1.jpg 474w, https:\/\/wildlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/putanja-1-243x300.jpg 243w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 474px) 100vw, 474px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>But, then it happened<\/h2>\n<p>Nikola said: &#8220;After removing too heavy cover of the quad-copter, my flight was very long, but little bit unstable (without cover). But, there is no way back, just rising drone up to prevent treetops and begins to fly back, but then it happened:<br \/>\nToo small to be visible, just distant sound &#8211; but no more drone in sight. Trying to keep it in air for some time, but end result is&#8230; well, lost drone. Got to suspected crash location, wander for a while, but no much luck. Now, I know that I need buzzer&#8230; or perhaps GPS tracker.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/where-is-my-drone-1.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-755 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/wildlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/where-is-my-drone-1-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"tutorial and the case\" width=\"474\" height=\"267\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wildlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/where-is-my-drone-1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wildlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/where-is-my-drone-1-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 474px) 100vw, 474px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>The other story, my personal<\/h2>\n<p><em>My first record was 550 meters, second one 800, and third one is 1100 meters. Or click to video below to watch whole video, or chose navigation times to watch exactly part you want. Don&#8217;t forget to share, comment, rate and subscribe to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCXhlGsmGJZ3m5GgTE8xuc_Q\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">my YouTube channel<\/a> if you found it useful. Thanks.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Navigation through this long video tutorial:<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/kzUyp4cbY5M\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">00:00<\/a> <strong>Antenna modification on remote<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/kzUyp4cbY5M?t=14m8s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">14:08<\/a> <strong>Antenna modification on drone<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/kzUyp4cbY5M?t=26m2s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">26:02<\/a> <strong>Installing buzzer for lost drone and battery alarm<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/kzUyp4cbY5M?t=37m31s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">37:31<\/a> <strong>Flying with modified antennas<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"474\" height=\"267\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/kzUyp4cbY5M?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Picture below showing how it looks when installed. If you click on the picture, you will get magnification.\u00a0It opens in new tab.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_349\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-349\" style=\"width: 474px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/Ant_quad.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-349 size-large\" title=\"Antenna on Quadcopter\" src=\"https:\/\/wildlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/Ant_quad-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Antenna dimensions on the quadcopter. tutorial\" width=\"474\" height=\"267\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wildlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/Ant_quad-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wildlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/Ant_quad-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wildlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/Ant_quad.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 474px) 100vw, 474px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-349\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Picture representing dimensions of wires and &#8220;sleeve&#8221; part.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">On the transmitter (Remote), it looks different. While on receiver it is good to receive signal from every dirrection, on transmitter it is good to have somewhat directed signal:<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_360\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-360\" style=\"width: 474px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/MaxRadiation.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-360 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/wildlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/MaxRadiation-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"TX antenna (remote) - tutorial\" width=\"474\" height=\"267\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wildlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/MaxRadiation-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wildlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/MaxRadiation-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wildlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/MaxRadiation.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 474px) 100vw, 474px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-360\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maximum radiation is in direction that arrow shows.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Note that according to math, center frequency of 2450 MHz (on 2.4 GHz band), Lambda is: 300\/2450= 0.12245 m, or 122.45 mm. And then 1\/4 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wavelength\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lambda<\/a> (1\/4 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wavelength\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">wavelength<\/a>) is then 122.45\/4= 30.6 mm, but this working only for ultra-thin wire. As long as you have thicker wire, there is some so called &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Velocity_factor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Shortening Factor<\/a>&#8220;, similar to &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Velocity_factor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Velocity Factor<\/a>&#8220;. I am opened few <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wi-Fi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">WiFi<\/a> antennas, and found that for this type of wires, it is about 29 mm, and &#8220;Sleeve&#8221; part, which serve as <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Balun\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">BALUN<\/a> (Balanced-Unbalanced) is 26.4 mm (let&#8217;s round it to 26 mm).<\/p>\n<p>This part serves important role in balancing RF signal from unbalanced (not &#8220;symmetric&#8221;) signal from coaxial cable into balanced 1\/2 lambda dipole (very &#8220;symmetric&#8221;). All residual unbalanced RF signal goes over this 1\/4 lambda sleeve and back over it to initial point, but now in proper phase so that bottom part of the dipole getting maximum possible signal.<\/p>\n<p>Recommended coaxial cables for this antenna are: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.banggood.com\/5M-RF-Coax-Coaxial-Connector-Cable-Adapter-RG316-Video-Cable-No-Connectors-p-983980.html?p=EH10221611330201505Q\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">RG316<\/a> or thinner &#8220;cousin&#8221;: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.banggood.com\/DIY-Transmitter-Antenna-Extension-Cable-Line-RF-Coaxial-RG178-10-Feet-p-984343.html?p=EH10221611330201505Q\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">RG178<\/a>. Thicker is better (less attenuation), but also this cable is heavier and can&#8217;t be bent easily if needed. My recommendation to use <a href=\"http:\/\/www.banggood.com\/5M-RF-Coax-Coaxial-Connector-Cable-Adapter-RG316-Video-Cable-No-Connectors-p-983980.html?p=EH10221611330201505Q\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">RG316<\/a> if possible. Both cables has <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Polytetrafluoroethylene\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PTFE<\/a> (Teflon) insulation inside, which works great on high frequencies. Also, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Polytetrafluoroethylene\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PTFE<\/a>\u00a0is heat resistant, so it is not easy to burn center of this cable by soldering iron. Only trouble is that this cable is though, not easy to cut, which is actually good in external application as is this antenna, but pain in the&#8230; to cut and manipulate. Yet, it is worth to mess with it, because it is very durable.<\/p>\n<p>The reason why this antenna extending that far from the body of the Quadcopter is two fold: First and mostly important is put dipole as far as possible from noise sources (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Microcontroller\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">microcontroller<\/a>, switching <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MOSFET\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MOSFET<\/a>s, motors), and second is odd multiplication of 1\/4 lambda. Thus, maximum signal is feed to antenna with minimum <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Standing_wave_ratio\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">SWR (Standing Wave Ratio)<\/a>. For both coaxial cables mentioned above, VF (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Velocity_factor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Velocity Factor<\/a>) is 0.7 or 70% of speed of light. This means that 1\/4 lambda is 30.6 mm * 0.7 = 21.42 mm. This is first &#8220;odd multiplication&#8221;, or 1\/4 * 1. Second one is 1\/4\u00a0 lambda * 3, where 21.42\u00a0 * 3 = 64.26, or roughly 64 mm. Antenna is made from piece of coaxial cable 64 mm (3 * 1\/4 lambda) + 29 mm (1\/4 lambda dipole element).\u00a0 Note that on opposite end of the dipole, you should to make cable so that can be soldered to the receiver board inside Quadcopter. Since you need about 5 mm for that, and then <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Velocity_factor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">velocity factor<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Velocity_factor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">shortening factors<\/a> changed slightly,\u00a0 lets do it from 66+29= 95 mm. Cut coaxial cable exactly that long, then stripe insulation from 29 mm from one end, and 5 mm from another. Sleeve part may be done by removing braided wire and soldering 26 mm piece of braided wire from the same piece of coax, or from another one. Or, you may do it as is shown on following video:<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"474\" height=\"267\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/U8__pLUnfwA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Before complete whole tutorial, here is video of my record in range flight: 1100 meters with <a href=\"http:\/\/shrsl.com\/?~b2ti\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bayangtoys X8<\/a> quadcopter, which had maximum range of 50-80 maybe maximum 100 meters. So, this is incresing range by tenfold!<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.banggood.com\/Eachine-EV200D-1280720-5_8G-72CH-True-Diversity-FPV-Goggles-HD-Port-in-2D3D-Built-in-DVR-p-1220010.html?p=EH10221611330201505Q&amp;custlinkid=178647\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img src=\"https:\/\/img.staticbg.com\/thumb\/gallery\/oaupload\/banggood\/images\/61\/7C\/203cd8e9-e729-42f0-bbc4-25959721586c.jpg\" \/> For long ragne quadcopters, you need some FPV goggles.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Note that this video is on my <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCZ-LKxtew-aclGBU_1ZEskA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">second YouTube channel<\/a>, completely dedicated for video and photo recordings from above, or aerial photo and video. You may subscrive on this channel too if you wish to enjoy my aerial videos. Thanks.<\/p>\n<p>Compadre, did you forgot <a href=\"http:\/\/www.banggood.com\/10Pcs-5V-Electromagnetic-Active-Buzzer-Continuous-Beep-Continuously-p-943524.html?p=EH10221611330201505Q\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">buzzer<\/a>? Yes gringo, yes&#8230; I forgot it. But in the meanwhile, please take look at this beautiful nature from the above (thanks to extended range, I can fly very far):<\/p>\n<h2>Tutorial about installing buzzer<\/h2>\n<p>The <a href=\"http:\/\/www.banggood.com\/10Pcs-5V-Electromagnetic-Active-Buzzer-Continuous-Beep-Continuously-p-943524.html?p=EH10221611330201505Q\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">buzzer<\/a> is relatively easy to install. Sorry for hand drawing, I have no brain currently to search for some schematic program that can draw it nicely.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/Buzzer-Inverter-Diagram2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-382 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/wildlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/Buzzer-Inverter-Diagram2-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"tutorial\" width=\"474\" height=\"267\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wildlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/Buzzer-Inverter-Diagram2-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wildlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/Buzzer-Inverter-Diagram2-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wildlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/Buzzer-Inverter-Diagram2-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wildlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/Buzzer-Inverter-Diagram2.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 474px) 100vw, 474px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Note that I am using white <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Light-emitting_diode\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">LED<\/a>s, which has different properties than stock green and red LEDs. I found that for my setup, 27 kOhm is okay, but someone from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.rcgroups.com\/forums\/showthread.php?t=2590612&amp;highlight=buzzer#post33831148\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">RCGroups<\/a> reported that in order to work properly, resistor should be down to 900 Ohms, or less. Please check it experimentally. This <a href=\"http:\/\/www.banggood.com\/10Pcs-5V-Electromagnetic-Active-Buzzer-Continuous-Beep-Continuously-p-943524.html?p=EH10221611330201505Q\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">buzzer<\/a> can save your lost quadcopter, and can indicate low battery, also known as <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cutoff_voltage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">LVC<\/a>\u00a0(Low Voltage Cutoff).<\/p>\n<p>Note that it works only when LEDs are off, and it is silent while LEDs are on and glowing. If some quadcopter has button on remote that allow to switch off LEDs as is <a href=\"http:\/\/www.banggood.com\/JJRC-1000A-24G-4CH-6-Axis-Gyro-LCD-RC-Quadcopter-With-LED-RTF-p-926459.html?p=EH10221611330201505Q\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">JJRC1000<\/a>, then it can be done differently.:<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"474\" height=\"267\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/YYJoom3IlNw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>On this quadcopter, if LEDs are off, buzzer is off as well, but when LVC begins to blink LEDs, buzzer also sounds with intermittent sound. Since, there is 5V <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boost_converter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">voltage booster<\/a>\u00a0, no need for any additional electronic, just connect 5V buzzer +ve (positive) to cathode of the boost converter, and -ve (negative) wire of the buzzer to the MOSFET as is shown on this video.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tutorial Here is short Tutorial with video materials about how to increase range of toy-grade quadcopter as is for example Bayangtoys X8. It is not limited to his particular quadcopter, but may be applied to any other quadcopter as well. Plus, there is way to install buzzer &#8211; which may serve mainly two purposes: LVC &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/wildlab.org\/index.php\/2016\/03\/02\/tutorial-how-to-increase-range-of-your-quadcopter\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Tutorial: How to increase range of your toy-grade quadcopter and how to install buzzer.<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":667,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wildlab.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/348"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wildlab.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wildlab.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wildlab.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wildlab.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=348"}],"version-history":[{"count":60,"href":"https:\/\/wildlab.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/348\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1900,"href":"https:\/\/wildlab.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/348\/revisions\/1900"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wildlab.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/667"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wildlab.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=348"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wildlab.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=348"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wildlab.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=348"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}